From refinery to discharge port: how a petroleum cargo moves
Every cargo follows the same basic path, from an inquiry to a discharge report. Here is what happens at each stage.
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Incoterms in petroleum trading: FOB, CFR and CIF explained
The Incoterm in a petroleum contract decides who pays for shipping, who carries the risk and where responsibility changes hands.
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KYC, sanctions screening and AML: why compliance comes first in petroleum trading
Compliance is not a final check at the end of a deal. In petroleum trading it sits at the start, before an offer is made.
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Why many West African markets rely on imported refined products
Much of the region's gasoline, diesel and jet fuel arrives by sea. For inland countries, the journey continues by road.
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Modular refineries: a practical route to local refining
Modular refineries are built from prefabricated units. They are faster to deploy than a conventional plant, but they come with limits.
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